Worldwide

Our latest energy derivatives stories across the World.

Latest News

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

COT Deep Dive – Mont Belvieu TET Propane Swap. 

In this publication, we leverage Onyx’s proprietary Commitment of Traders data in order to identify changes in swap Open Interest and Positioning against Onyx with a view, in conjunction with long/short entry price levels and volatility analysis to identify potential continuation or reversal trends.

In this sixth edition, we take a look at the May’25 Mont Belvieu TET propane (C3 LST) swap. 

Onyx Global Oil Balance

Update to Onyx Global Oil Balance: this update’s key revision revolves around supply, with lower non-OPEC supply growth in 2025 and an upward readjustment in Iraqi crude production following methodological changes by Petro-Logistics SA. Following a comprehensive review of Iraq’s crude balance, Petro-Logistics SA has reclassified “other” refinery feedstocks as crude oil, accounting for most of the revision in the country’s output.

This report contains Onyx Advisory’s Global Oil Liquids Balance, with projections of world oil supply (including OPEC crude oil production) and world oil demand to derive implied global oil stock changes by quarter.

The report is split into two parts: a detailed global balance on page 3 and a summary balance on page 4, which shows individual OPEC country crude production assumptions over the forecast period. The OPEC crude production level is contrasted with the ‘Call on OPEC’ crude to obtain the implied global stock change.

Historical data are sourced from the IEA, while Petro-logistics SA data are used for OPEC crude production.

COT Report: The Art of the Tariff

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

US EIA Weekly Report

This report reviews the key data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report

OECD Oil Inventories held by industry

The report covers oil inventory data in the OECD held by industry in million barrels and days of forward demand, as provided by the International Energy Agency

Onyx Positioning Report – 01 Apr 2025

This report aims to provide a position index for energy futures between -50 and 50, with 0 as the neutral position. The full methodology is at the back of the report. When the position index is at the extremes, above 40 or below -40, the market is overstretched relative to its average position in the previous 3-year rolling window. As such, it is ripe for mean reversion. Consequently, when the index is high, deleveraging will follow, having a negative impact on price, while when the index is low, we expect accumulation that will push the price higher.

Brent Forecast: 31st March 2025

The Jun’25 Brent futures contract saw yet another weekly gain in the final week of March, opening at around $71.30/bbl on 24 Mar and now trading at $73.00/bbl at 1300 BST on 31 Mar. The M2 Jun’25 contract (soon to

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

ETFs Report

Click below to explore our ETFs report, providing a detailed analysis of price movements, trading volume, and counterparty shifts in ETF underlyings, along with open interest trends in the options market. Featured funds include USO, SCO, UCO, KOLD, BOIL, and UNG. For each ETF, we offer a comprehensive breakdown of price trends, volume, open interest, and key market participants.

COT Deep Dive – Brent/Dubai Swaps

In this publication, we leverage Onyx’s proprietary Commitment of Traders data in order to identify changes in swap Open Interest and Positioning against Onyx with a view, in conjunction with long/short entry price levels and volatility analysis to identify potential continuation or reversal trends.

In this fourth report, we take a look at the Q4’25 Brent/Dubai swaps contract. 

Weekly Oil Inventories Report

This report reviews weekly oil inventory data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report, Global Insights’ ARA Independent Storage and International Enterprise’s Singapore product storage

COT Report: Bull for the Summer

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

US EIA Weekly Report

This report reviews the key data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report

Onyx Positioning Report – 25 Mar 2025

This report aims to provide a position index for energy futures between -50 and 50, with 0 as the neutral position. The full methodology is at the back of the report. When the position index is at the extremes, above 40 or below -40, the market is overstretched relative to its average position in the previous 3-year rolling window. As such, it is ripe for mean reversion. Consequently, when the index is high, deleveraging will follow, having a negative impact on price, while when the index is low, we expect accumulation that will push the price higher.

Onyx CFTC Style COT Reports – 24 Mar 2025

Onyx’s in-house CTA positioning model determines the net positioning of CTAs in a range of futures benchmarks. Bearish sentiment has slowly been picking up since total positioning hit flat on 21 Feb, falling to a three-month low of around -127k lots on 11 Mar. Overall net positioning increased over the past week, moving up to -74k lots on 24 Mar from -122k lots on 17 Mar. The majority of the selected futures contracts continue to be net bearish, except for RBOB, which continued to be in the positives at 12k lots on 24 Mar from around 5k lots a week ago. Brent futures and WTI are now at around the same level of estimated net positioning after Brent has seen better support this week.

Brent Forecast: 24th March 2025

The May’25 Brent crude futures opened on 24 March above $72/bbl, marking its highest level traded since the start of March. Prices were supported last week as the US sanctioned a Chinese teapot refiner for the first time as it

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

ETFs Report

Click below to explore our ETFs report, providing a detailed analysis of price movements, trading volume, and counterparty shifts in ETF underlyings, along with open interest trends in the options market. Featured funds include USO, SCO, UCO, KOLD, BOIL, and UNG. For each ETF, we offer a comprehensive breakdown of price trends, volume, open interest, and key market participants.

COT Deep Dive – MOPJ Naphtha Crack

In this publication, we leverage Onyx’s proprietary Commitment of Traders data in order to identify changes in swap Open Interest and Positioning against Onyx with a view, in conjunction with long/short entry price levels and volatility analysis to identify potential continuation or reversal trends.

In this fourth report, we take a look at the Mean-of-Platts Japan (MOPJ) naphtha crack. 

COT Report: Sixties-Dipping Brent

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

US EIA Weekly Report

This report reviews the key data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report

Brent Forecast: 17th March 2025

Brent’s Balancing Act  Since the front-month Brent futures hit a three-year low of almost $68.50/bbl on 05 Mar, the M1 contract has steadily ticked up to $71.30/bbl by the time of writing on 17 Mar. The market had largely been

Onyx CFTC Style COT Reports – 17 Mar 2025

Onyx’s in-house CTA positioning model determines the net positioning of CTAs in a range of futures benchmarks. Bearish sentiment has slowly been picking up since positioning hit flat on 21 Feb, falling to a three-month low of around -127k lots on 11 Mar. Positioning has seen little movement over the past week, moving up slightly to -122k lots by 17 Mar. The majority of the selected futures contracts continue to be net bearish, except for RBOB which flipped net bullish from -21.5k lots on 03 Mar up to 2.4k on 05 Mar. This week, RBOB futures positioning has increased slightly to 5.2k lots by 17 Mar. Brent futures sat the lowest on the positioning model this week, reaching -44k lots on 11 Mar, now at its most bearish positioning seen since September 2024. WTI positioning was close behind as the second lowest on the model, hitting -37k lots on 12 Mar. Heating oil and gasoil futures have both steadily declined from around -20k and -22k lots, respectively, to -26k lots each.

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

ETFs Report

Click below to explore our ETFs report, providing a detailed analysis of price movements, trading volume, and counterparty shifts in ETF underlyings, along with open interest trends in the options market. Featured funds include USO, SCO, UCO, KOLD, BOIL, and UNG. For each ETF, we offer a comprehensive breakdown of price trends, volume, open interest, and key market participants.

COT Deep Dive – Fuel Oil 380 Crack

In this publication, we leverage Onyx’s proprietary Commitment of Traders data in order to identify changes in swap Open Interest and Positioning against Onyx with a view, in conjunction with long/short entry price levels and volatility analysis to identify potential continuation or reversal trends.

In this third report, we take a look at the Singapore Fuel Oil 380 CST Crack.

Weekly Oil Inventories Report

This report reviews weekly oil inventory data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report, Global Insights’ ARA Independent Storage and International Enterprise’s Singapore product storage

COT Report: Chronically Volatile

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

US EIA Weekly Report

This report reviews the key data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report

Onyx Positioning Report

Onyx’s in-house CTA positioning model determines the net positioning of CTAs in a range of futures benchmarks. Since positioning plateaued around -81k and -85k lots at the beginning of March, we have observed the decline accelerate over the past few days. On 06 Mar, positioning fell below -100k for the first time since early December 2024, now sitting at -110k lots as of 07 Mar. As in our last report, Brent and WTI remain the lowest on the positioning model this week, falling from -23k down to -42k lots, and -21k to -34k lots, respectively, between 03-07 Mar. In addition, we saw bearish sentiment across both heating oil and gasoil, which declined from -3.7k to -19k lots, and from -10k to -23k lots, over the same period. In contrast, RBOB futures was the most bullish on the positioning model, rising from -21.5k lots on 03 Mar up to just under 2.4k lots on 07 Mar, flipping net positive for the first time since mid-February.

Onyx CFTC Style COT Reports – 10 Mar 2025

Onyx’s in-house CTA positioning model determines the net positioning of CTAs in a range of futures benchmarks. Since positioning plateaued around -81k and -85k lots at the beginning of March, we have observed the decline accelerate over the past few days. On 06 Mar, positioning fell below -100k for the first time since early December 2024, now sitting at -110k lots as of 07 Mar. As in our last report, Brent and WTI remain the lowest on the positioning model this week, falling from -23k down to -42k lots, and -21k to -34k lots, respectively, between 03-07 Mar. In addition, we saw bearish sentiment across both heating oil and gasoil, which declined from -3.7k to -19k lots, and from -10k to -23k lots, over the same period. In contrast, RBOB futures was the most bullish on the positioning model, rising from -21.5k lots on 03 Mar up to just under 2.4k lots on 07 Mar, flipping net positive for the first time since mid-February.

Edge Updates

The Officials: $10 gone in 2 days!

10 dollars down in 2 days! The power of market pricing in the collapse in global trade. China’s bold retaliation delivered the coup d’grace and the flat price expired. We know it can be temporary if the grown-ups ask questions and say, what are we doing, we are all tied in. In the meantime, 50s is not out of question. The impact on the Gulf economies is severe and all hands should be on deck not to paint rosy demand pictures but to have serious chats with the US and its trading partners.

European Window: Brent corrects to over $65

Front-month Brent futures stabilised this afternoon following the huge pressure it was under in the morning. The contract saw support just above $64.00/bbl at around 15:50 BST and was more supported at $65.40/bbl at 17:20 BST (time of writing). China announced retaliatory tariffs on all US products in response to similar tariffs imposed by President Trump this week. China announced 34% retaliatory tariffs on all American imports starting 10 Apr, in the first Chinese response to Trump’s tariffs. This response was received poorly by Mr Trump, who said they “played it wrong”. While the US tariffs excluded energy products, China’s retaliatory measures targeted all American goods and included export restrictions on certain rare earth elements. JPMorgan expects oil prices to remain low through 2025, citing weak supply-demand fundamentals that could keep prices down without government action. Morgan Stanley is holding its Brent forecast steady at $67.50/bbl for 2H’25. Iraq’s Oil Ministry rejected the Association of the Petroleum Industry of Kurdistan’s (APIKUR) claims of stalled talks, calling them misleading. It reaffirmed its commitment to the federal budget law and urged the immediate resumption of oil exports via the Iraq-Turkey Pipeline. At the time of writing, the Jun/Jul’25 and Jun/Dec’25 Brent futures spreads stood at $0.60/bbl and $1.89/bbl, respectively.

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Collapses to $65/bbl

The sell-off in the Jun’25 Brent crude futures intensified on Friday morning, reaching another YTD low of $65.35/bbl at 11:40 BST (time of writing), having fallen by over $4 in the morning session. Goldman Sachs have lowered their Brent and WTI forecasts by $5 to $66/62, on tariff escalation and higher OPEC+ supply. China has announced an extra 34% tariffs on US goods from 10 April. Exxon expects up to a $2.7 billion profit boost in Q1, driven by stronger oil prices, refining margins, and trading gains. Forecasters expect an above-average 2025 Atlantic hurricane season, with 17 named storms and four major hurricanes fuelled by warm seas and favourable wind conditions. Elliott Management has launched a proxy battle against Phillips 66, pushing for board changes, asset sales, and governance reform to unlock value at the underperforming refiner. Meanwhile, BP Chairman Helge Lund plans to step down as the oil major faces mounting pressure from activist investor Elliott, following criticism of its strategic pivot back toward fossil fuels. Brookfield Infrastructure is acquiring Colonial Pipeline for about $9 billion, including debt, securing control of the largest U.S. fuel pipeline system in a major energy infrastructure deal. Finally, the front (Jun/Jul) and 6-month (Jun/Dec) Brent futures spreads are at $0.55/bbl and $1.92/bbl respectively.

The Officials: Now it’s really gone!

It is bad, really bad. Wars of any kind including trade wars leave heaps of casualties in their wake. In this case, depleted
consumers, shutdown manufacturers, trucking and shipping companies and chip manufacturers, one of the main US exports to
China. The size of trade is huge and more details in the next section.
But in the meantime, oil got whacked! Down, down, down it goes. We are firmly in the 60s territory. Just as flat price gets
whacked with one bearish headline, another one emerges. Tariffs, OPEC, retaliation. From a $75 handle at the start of April
we’re now down almost $10/bbl! It’s brutal out there folks, recession fears are growing, and China just announced a hefty 34%
reciprocal tariff on all US goods from April 10! No crude, oil product, LNG or any other commodity type will go from the US to
China. China is the world’s biggest seaborne crude importer and flow US-China is now firmly shut! The US trade deficit with
China last year was near $300 billion! Up 5.8% y/y – the US needs China more than the other way around…

The Officials: Snap back to the 60s

The 60s are back! The market didn’t just fall at the open but kept going all the way to under $70! For the first time since 19 March. So, what triggered the price collapse in oil and equities? Oil was let off easily with crude from Canada and Mexico entering tariff free as per normal. So, longs hoping for mayhem exited to the left and tumbled down the stairs. And on equities, they got more punishment than they thought; seeing the upcoming global slowdown they sold off ahead of time. Actually, things are very messy and it has a feel of a bunch of real amateurs running the circus. Trump spilled blood on Wall Street and now he’s back to his aim of cheap oil! With a bit of help from OPEC even…

Trader Meeting Notes: (Trade) War … What is it good for?

Liberation day! Players liberated themselves from the USD, the stock market, and oil ahead of the announcement, and markets dropped on opening on Thursday. The already-in-place USMCA in the Americas limited the real-world impact of this new barrage of tariffs on US oil and gas. $2 trillion off US equity valuations were lost in just 16 minutes. These are particularly hard on China, with their 10-year yields down -8bps. The tariffs were higher than expected, and governments have responded by stressing the damage this will have to both economies. The art of the deal has begun, and countries are scrambling to come up with a deal with Trump. Russia was missing from the list, with Trump keeping a cool head following him saying he was pissed off at Putin earlier in the week. There is little trade to even sanction but US-Russia trade has taken a huge hit. Back in 2021, it was worth around $35 billion, but by 2024, it dropped to just $3.5 billion. So, there aren’t really any international winners in the tariff game this week, but China seems to be the immediate loser…

European Window: Brent falls sub $70/bbl

The front-month Brent futures contract weakened this afternoon, falling from $71.65/bbl at 12:00 BST to $69.60/bbl at 16:05 BST. While the contract has since recovered to $70.05/bbl at 17:10 BST (time of writing), we continue to see resistance at this level.

CFTC Predictor: Bulls Continue To Charge

In addition to our regular Monday CFTC COT analysis report, Onyx Insight will publish its own in-house CFTC COT forecast ahead of the official Friday report. The model forecasts changes in long and short positions using machine learning, utilising Onyx’s proprietary data.

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Drops below $71.60/bbl

Jun’25 Brent futures gapped down this morning and continued to be under pressure. There were highs this morning of around $73.40/bbl at around 02.40 BST, and the contract had dropped below $71.65/bbl at 11.25 BST (time of writing). From 5 April, the US will impose a 10% base tariff on most countries. Roughly 60 nations seen as the ‘worst trade offenders’ will face higher, customised rates from 9 April — with the EU at 20%, China at 54% (including previous tariffs), and Japan at 24%. A separate 25% tariff on foreign cars is also being introduced. EU chief Ursula von der Leyen warned of “dire” global consequences and is preparing its response, while China promises strong countermeasures and Canada calls for a firm, united reaction. The trade-weighted DXY has broken to a new low for the year and has nearly retraced 75% of the Trump rally since October. A meeting of eight top OPEC+ ministers is expected to stick with the current plan for gradually increasing oil production starting in April, according to two sources from the group. The ministerial talks began at 10.00 BST. Russia has ordered a 90-day shutdown of berth 8 at the Novorossiysk oil port following safety checks triggered by the oil spill in December. This comes after a temporary halt to two moorings used for Kazakh oil exports. Violations must be fixed by 30 June, according to Transneft. At the time of writing, the Jun/Jul’25 and Jun/Dec’25 Brent futures stand at $0.77/bbl and $3.08/bbl, respectively.

The Officials: Aaand it’s gone…

As The Officials keep saying, along with every respected economist, tariffs are not good for the economy! Today, the world and its people will become poorer, and Tariff Man will eventually understand the people he promised to protect will end up paying the price of his hubris. And the administration published some clearly erroneous tariff numbers as justification. They added the import value and divide by the export value which leads not to tariff rates but crazy numbers. It doesn’t seem a great way to manage major economic policy… For China, for example, the additional 34% rate, equals the US deficit with China of $291.9 billion, divided by total imports from China of $433.8 billion, then divided by 2 again!

The Officials: The moment has come!

It’s coming. Not He but the Tariff Man! At last we’ll know who’s getting hit by what. And how much. Or maybe things will change again immediately after the press conference. To be upfront, we were confused what was actually in place preceding the set of tariffs. So much has been done and immediately undone. Keep an eye on @OnyxOfficials X page as we cover proceedings live.

European Window: Brent rises to $75/bbl

The Jun’25 Brent crude futures initially grinded lower on Wednesday afternoon but found support at $74/bbl and rebounded to $75/bbl by 17:30 BST (time of writing). Today’s low of $73.85/bbl aligned with the 50-day moving average, a level of support. EIA stats indicated a 6.2mb build in crude in the week ending 28 March, while gasoline stocks fell by 1.6mb. In the news, Petrobras has made significant new oil discoveries in Brazil’s Campos, Santos, and Buzios basins, potentially accelerating peak production timelines by a year, according to its exploration chief. Norway’s financial regulator has uncovered that Romarine AS, a firm linked to Russia, issued fake insurance documents for sanctioned oil tankers in Russia’s shadow fleet, prompting a police investigation into unlicensed activity and document forgery. Russia has restricted Black Sea oil export infrastructure from the CPC following Ukrainian drone strikes on key facilities, impacting terminals used by Chevron and ExxonMobil, though Kazakhstan says flows remain unaffected. Nigeria has appointed Bashir Ojulari, former head of Shell Nigeria Exploration, as the new CEO of NNPC Ltd. to boost oil output and advance the company’s long-delayed IPO, amid ongoing challenges including a Senate probe, rising fuel prices, and renewed infrastructure attacks. Finally, the front (Jun/Jul) and 6-month (Jun/Dec) Brent futures spreads are at $0.80/bbl and $3.34/bbl respectively.

The Officials: The day we’ve all been waiting for

Today’s the day. At last. America’s ‘Liberation Day’. Forget about 4 July, this is the big one. Unless there have been any last minute calls from desperate leaders hoping to duck extra tariffs. Mr T has taken a pickaxe to global trade to reforge it in his own image. Who knows where he will hit next? And by how much? And on what?

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Weakens To $74.15/bbl

The Jun’25 Brent futures contract initially dipped this morning from around $74.50/bbl at 0730 BST down to a touch under $74.00/bbl at 0850 BST, however, has recovered marginally to $74.15/bbl at 1140 BST (time of writing). With Trump declaring April 2 as ‘Liberation Day’, uncertainty over potential tariffs has weighed on crude prices this morning. According to Bloomberg, Trump’s team is still finalising the size and scope of new levies with several proposals under consideration…

Technical Analysis Report: Marubozu Mania 

M1 Brent futures continued its uptrend, climbing from a low of $72.50/bbl on 25 March to an intraday high of over $75.25/bbl on 01 April, breaking and closing above the 100-day moving average. Maintaining a price above $75.00/bbl has proven challenging in this bull run, so this psychological level will be the first resistance to surpass for the rally to continue. Past this, $76.00/bbl becomes the next hurdle, having proven to be strong resistance back in Oct-Nov last year. The 200-day moving average (white line) is trending toward this aforementioned level, also acting to prevent further upward price mobility. Downside risk is limited by the 10-day moving average (purple line), which is flush with the support trendline that found its inception in mid-March. Strong longer-term support below this level comes at $72.00/bbl, in keeping with the level off of which price rebounded in December.

The Officials: Time to grow up!

$75 is a tough nut to crack. After last week’s rally, Brent rolled into April and fancied a go at it and the front month (June) contract tiptoed over this morning to peak at $75.27/bbl before falling back to close at $74.93/bbl. The front Brent spread took flight yesterday, closing in on $1.20, but descended again to 82c by today’s European close. So, what happens now? Is this overbought territory? Feels like it, and only those daring and with a strong expectation of boom boom should be long above $75… otherwise, risky!

Dated Brent Report – Turning The Tide

At the time of our last report on 18 Mar, strength in the physical market we saw at the start of March had started to decline, with the Dated physical differential falling about 40c down to $0.45/bbl from 05-20 Mar. While we expected buying in the physical at these lower levels, buying has been much more aggressive and sudden than anticipated. In the window, we saw Vitol bidding Forties and Totsa came in bidding Midland, both in large volume. As a result, the physical diff rallied all the way up to $1.06/bbl, with BP being a seller in the physical at these high levels. The end of refinery maintenance season heading into April may have contributed to this rally, as demand for cargoes in May is quickly increasing.

The Officials: The Liquidity Report Volume 1 Issue 8

For the week ending 28 March, our momentum table shows most contracts seeing slight to moderate growth in exchange traded volumes for June and July tenors, except for gasoil contracts which declined by 13% and 20% respectively. For the May tenor, most contracts saw small changes or declines, while May Brent fell steeply by 29.69% and RBOB rose by 9%.

The Officials: Who will be the April Fool in Dubai?

Before we get into the main report, we’d like to share a quick update. The Officials have just completed our third quarter and have hit 2 million views across our social media! If you would like to receive our reports directly, please get in touch and we will arrange to send them to you every day! Or go to our Twitter page @OnyxOfficials.

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent supported to $75.15/bbl

Jun’25 Brent futures failed to maintain strength over $75.00/bbl overnight and softened to around $74.50/bbl at 0915 BST but strengthened to around $75.15/bbl at 11.10 BST (time of writing). The US has revoked French oil company Maurel & Prom’s licence to operate in Venezuela as part of sanctions targeting the Maduro regime. Other companies, including Spain’s Repsol and Italy’s Eni, were also notified that their licences had been withdrawn. Threats by President Donald Trump to impose secondary sanctions on Russian oil have prompted Indian companies to seek alternative suppliers, Bloomberg reports. State-owned refineries like Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum are now exploring options in the Middle East, North Sea, and Mediterranean regions. US crude oil production dropped by 305kb/d in January to 13.15 mb/d, the lowest level in over a year, according to the EIA. Texas and New Mexico led the decline, while natural gas output also fell by 1.7% during the same period. China’s oil consumption is projected to rise by 1.1% in 2025 to 765 million mt, driven by strong economic growth and rising petrochemical demand, according to a CNPC think tank. While transportation fuel use has peaked, plastics demand—especially from the EV sector—continues to grow. At the time of writing, the Jun/Jul’25 and Jun/Dec’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.82/bbl and $3.70/bbl, respectively.

The Officials: Europe March Monthly Report

What a difference the rumblings of war can do. For Brent, March was a month divided in two. In the first sessions, it tumbled to below $69, going all the way down to $68.50/bbl on 5 March. The drop was caused by poor economics as some countries could see a severe contraction in the growth rate. But then the price turned back and built steadily into the low $70s before last week’s rally to $74. The US was beating on the Houthis and the rumours were on that Trump would drop bombs like never seen on the Iranians.

European Window: Brent Rises To $74.70/bbl

The Jun’25 Brent crude futures saw a bullish performance on Monday afternoon, rising by nearly $2 over two hours from $73/bbl to $74.70/bbl by 17:00 BST (time of writing). The daily candlestick indicates resolute buying pressure as prices pushed through the 50-day and 100-day resistance levels. Prices have been supported by heightened geopolitical risks of US sanctions that could affect Venezuela and Iran’s oil exports. Trump being ‘angry’ at Putin and threatening secondary tariffs have further raised the bullish temperature.

Gasoline Report: Another Week, Another Draw

RBOB futures strengthened this fortnight on stronger crude. Jun’25 RBOB rose from $2.17/gal on 17 Mar to $2.28/gal at the time of writing on 31 Mar, breaking above the 50-day moving average. The Jun’25 RBBR rallied from $20.00/bbl on 25 Mar to over $21.35/bbl on 28 Mar, although it failed to maintain this on 31 Mar with strong Brent. CFTC COT data for the week ending 25 Mar showed money managers were bullish in the week ending 25 Mar…

Onyx Alpha: All Bull, No Bear

Another week brings another selection of new trade ideas from Onyx Research, this time looking at trades in crude oil, gasoline, and naphtha swaps. Our weekly Onyx Alpha report presents speculative and hedging trades based on technical analysis and data-driven tradecraft methods on Onyx Commitment of Traders (COT) and Flux Financials data.

CFTC Weekly: That Summer Feeling

The week ending 25 Mar saw a net increase of length in the crude futures benchmarks (Brent and WTI) as money managers accelerated their purchases. Crude prices strengthened as the front-month Brent futures contract bounced up from $70/bbl levels and closed above $73/bbl by 25 Mar, reaching three-week highs. Despite Trump’s ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs reinforcing bearish sentiment on risk-off assets, oil saw a bullish week as prices bounced off three-year lows. The lack of perceived tangible progress in the US-Russian peace talks and US threats of secondary tariffs on buyers of Venezuelan oil supported sentiment.

The Officials: Dated shorts get shook

While equities were getting hammered (see more in the detail), dated was on a tear! The April DFL rallied up to $1.58/bbl from just under a dollar before the move this morning. Traders noted mega short covering, “mental buying” said one trader. CFDs strengthened too with the 22-25 April contract jumping to $1.28/bbl, and the 31 March – 4 April contract rose to $2/bbl!

European Window: Brent Ends The Week at $73.50/bbl

The May’25 Brent futures contract weakened from around $74.15/bbl at 1215 GMT down to an afternoon low of $73.25/bbl at 1625 GMT, retracing slightly to $73.50/bbl at 1735 GMT (time of writing). Crude oil prices saw a weekly gain but softened today, potentially as traders weigh up the impact of Trump’s tariffs scheduled for April 2. In the news today, the price of Russia’s ESPO crude blend has slumped to the lowest level since June 2024 as demand from Chinese state-owned firms has weakened, trading sources told Reuters. Cargoes of ESPO for April loadings are being traded at a discount of around $1.50/bbl against ICE Brent on a delivered basis to China. In other news, Russia’s tanker group Sovcomflot saw transportation volumes drop 16% y/y in 2024 to 63 million metric tons, Russian news agency Interfax reported. Primarily the result of US and European sanctions, Sovcomflot’s net profit dropped by 55% to $424 million in 2024. Finally, Ukrainian officials said the terms of the proposed mineral deal between Ukraine and the US have not yet been finalised, after Washington’s latest offer suggested it was demanding all of Ukraine’s natural resources income for years, as per Reuters. At the time of writing, the May/Jun’25 and May/Nov’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.86/bbl and $3.62/bbl.

Fuel Oil Report – Whole Lot’a Quotas

Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) has been more quiet this fortnight, although it has weakened. The May’25 Sing 0.5% crack traded between $7.50 and $8.20/bbl, sitting just below $8/bbl on 28 Mar (at the time of writing). While flows have been quiet in the Sing VLSFO, this picked up towards the end of this week amid spread buying in the prompt. We continue to see sell-side interest in the crack. However, positioning is skewed towards selling and we expect volatility in the event of a bullish catalyst. Still, China’s Ministry of Commerce has issued its second batch of export quotas for clean oil products and LSFO, with the latter amounting to 5.2 million mt. This allocation brings total LSFO quotas for 2025 to 13.2 million mt, 10% up y/y, which may lend some weakness to VLSFO…

The Officials: Asia March Monthly Report

In March, markets once again found themselves being pulled to-and-fro as international trade developments, geopolitical tensions, and window shenanigans continued to challenge traders. Even Gunvor are pretty “risk off at the moment” according to discussion at the Ft Commodities Summit last week.

Early Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent continues to meet resistance above $74/bbl

EARLY SING WINDOW- This morning, the front-month Brent futures contract ticked lower, from $74.15/bbl at 01:15 GMT to $73.75/bbl at 05:45 GMT. While the contract met resistance at the $74/bbl handle early morning, it saw a surge of volatility at around 08:30 GMT, following which prices moved from under $73.70/bbl to just shy of $74/bbl at 08:58 GMT (time of writing).

The Officials: No relief for sanction stupidity

Bonjour to Zelenskyy, who received considerable validation from a slew of European leaders in Paris, emphasizing that now is “not the time” to begin lifting sanctions on Russia. UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer stated that the group aims to increase sanctions to “support the US initiative to bring Russia to the table through further pressure.” What is the US initiative? The US definitely wants a ceasefire that lasts longer than a business day, and it wants to achieve this without Europe. However, if Russia desires access to SWIFT (as per its latest demand), the US may have to collaborate more closely with the EU.
But based on direct discussions with various seniors in Switzerland the Europeans are still seeing a red mist and willing to let their industries die. But those who lead industries are so so ready to buy gas and forgive all. Note what the CEO of Total said yesterday about opening up but he is not the only one, he is just one willing to speak publicly.

Trader Meeting Notes: Tariff Card Reading

Front-month Brent futures really did go from hanging on to the $70/bbl handle for dear life to soaring up to $74/bbl all in the same month. Before we bid farewell to the big box of uncertainty that March has been for oil prices, April starts with America’s “liberation day”, i.e., what President Trump has labelled his big tariff distribution day. A 25% tax on cars and car parts appears on the menu, with Trump promising it would lead to “tremendous growth” for the US. The world isn’t too convinced due to the danger this poses to a fully blown trade war, the threat which has dampened US customer confidence, increased inflation expectations, and led to the IMF forecasting a slowdown in the US, albeit ruling out a recession. Before we begin panicking, nothing can be said for sure – we might see a mysterious deal push all these tariffs into the distant future. Speaking of deals, the US is also dealing with an increasingly fragile ceasefire in the Black Sea. After reportedly agreeing to a maritime truce, Russia demanded the removal of sanctions on some of its banks, providing them access to Swift. This request was swiftly (sorry) rejected by Ukraine and the EU. It’s a bit unclear who is wielding the carrot and who is wielding the stick in this deal anymore, and it will be interesting to see what the US decides to do about this – maybe we’ll find out in a Signal chat next week.

European Window: Brent Trades Flat At $73.90/bbl

May’25 Brent futures initially saw weakness this afternoon, declining from $73.80/bbl around 1300 GMT down to $73.23/bbl shortly after 1340 GMT, however, recovered to $73.90/bbl by 1735 GMT (time of writing). In the news today, President Zelenskiy said Russian artillery had damaged Ukraine’s energy infrastructure in the city of Kherson, just two days after the truce on energy strikes was announced. The Ukrainian leader stated after a summit in Paris, “we are waiting for America’s reaction, since they told us that they will respond to violations”, according to Reuters. In other news, CNOOC reported an 11.4% rise in net profit for 2024 up to $19 billion. The increase in profit came as CNOOC’s net oil and gas production was up 7.2% y/y to 726.8mb of oil equivalent. Finally, Uganda’s $5 billion East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) has secured the first tranche of funding for the project for about $1 billion, with two additional funding tranches expected. The EACOP is a 1,443km-long pipeline to be built from Uganda to the Tanga port in Tanzania, projected to transport at least 216kb/d. Shareholders in EACOP include TotalEnergies with a 62% stake and CNOOC with an 8% stake. At the time of writing, the May/Jun’25 and May/Nov’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.70/bbl and $3.33/bbl.

The Officials: Trade war is on

After a well-behaved trading session yesterday, PC and ADNOC crossed paths in the Dubai market and inverted the market again! Clearly nobody cares about an orderly market. Anybody who cares about things working properly awake anywhere or distorting in markets is an acceptable practice in key oil markets? ADNOC placed a bid at $74.80 immediately after PC offered at $74.75. Meanwhile, the Dubai physical premium hit its March high of $1.70… only to trip and fall 20c today to $1.50. And bam, they crossed again! A major told The Officials, “Ridiculous, how a producer bids and does not trade for the grade they produce and makes up the OSP”.