Gasoline

Gasoline is a key fuel for automobiles, playing a central role in powering personal and commercial vehicles, underpinning the mobility that fuels economic activities around the world.

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European Window: Brent Ends The Week at $73.50/bbl

The May’25 Brent futures contract weakened from around $74.15/bbl at 1215 GMT down to an afternoon low of $73.25/bbl at 1625 GMT, retracing slightly to $73.50/bbl at 1735 GMT (time of writing). Crude oil prices saw a weekly gain but softened today, potentially as traders weigh up the impact of Trump’s tariffs scheduled for April 2. In the news today, the price of Russia’s ESPO crude blend has slumped to the lowest level since June 2024 as demand from Chinese state-owned firms has weakened, trading sources told Reuters. Cargoes of ESPO for April loadings are being traded at a discount of around $1.50/bbl against ICE Brent on a delivered basis to China. In other news, Russia’s tanker group Sovcomflot saw transportation volumes drop 16% y/y in 2024 to 63 million metric tons, Russian news agency Interfax reported. Primarily the result of US and European sanctions, Sovcomflot’s net profit dropped by 55% to $424 million in 2024. Finally, Ukrainian officials said the terms of the proposed mineral deal between Ukraine and the US have not yet been finalised, after Washington’s latest offer suggested it was demanding all of Ukraine’s natural resources income for years, as per Reuters. At the time of writing, the May/Jun’25 and May/Nov’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.86/bbl and $3.62/bbl.

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COT Deep Dive – Brent/Dubai Swaps

In this publication, we leverage Onyx’s proprietary Commitment of Traders data in order to identify changes in swap Open Interest and Positioning against Onyx with a view, in conjunction with long/short entry price levels and volatility analysis to identify potential continuation or reversal trends.

In this fourth report, we take a look at the Q4’25 Brent/Dubai swaps contract. 

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Trader Meeting Notes

Trader Meeting Notes: Tariff Card Reading

Front-month Brent futures really did go from hanging on to the $70/bbl handle for dear life to soaring up to $74/bbl all in the same month. Before we bid farewell to the big box of uncertainty that March has been for oil prices, April starts with America’s “liberation day”, i.e., what President Trump has labelled his big tariff distribution day. A 25% tax on cars and car parts appears on the menu, with Trump promising it would lead to “tremendous growth” for the US. The world isn’t too convinced due to the danger this poses to a fully blown trade war, the threat which has dampened US customer confidence, increased inflation expectations, and led to the IMF forecasting a slowdown in the US, albeit ruling out a recession. Before we begin panicking, nothing can be said for sure – we might see a mysterious deal push all these tariffs into the distant future. Speaking of deals, the US is also dealing with an increasingly fragile ceasefire in the Black Sea. After reportedly agreeing to a maritime truce, Russia demanded the removal of sanctions on some of its banks, providing them access to Swift. This request was swiftly (sorry) rejected by Ukraine and the EU. It’s a bit unclear who is wielding the carrot and who is wielding the stick in this deal anymore, and it will be interesting to see what the US decides to do about this – maybe we’ll find out in a Signal chat next week.

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European Window: Brent Trades Flat At $73.90/bbl

May’25 Brent futures initially saw weakness this afternoon, declining from $73.80/bbl around 1300 GMT down to $73.23/bbl shortly after 1340 GMT, however, recovered to $73.90/bbl by 1735 GMT (time of writing). In the news today, President Zelenskiy said Russian artillery had damaged Ukraine’s energy infrastructure in the city of Kherson, just two days after the truce on energy strikes was announced. The Ukrainian leader stated after a summit in Paris, “we are waiting for America’s reaction, since they told us that they will respond to violations”, according to Reuters. In other news, CNOOC reported an 11.4% rise in net profit for 2024 up to $19 billion. The increase in profit came as CNOOC’s net oil and gas production was up 7.2% y/y to 726.8mb of oil equivalent. Finally, Uganda’s $5 billion East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) has secured the first tranche of funding for the project for about $1 billion, with two additional funding tranches expected. The EACOP is a 1,443km-long pipeline to be built from Uganda to the Tanga port in Tanzania, projected to transport at least 216kb/d. Shareholders in EACOP include TotalEnergies with a 62% stake and CNOOC with an 8% stake. At the time of writing, the May/Jun’25 and May/Nov’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.70/bbl and $3.33/bbl.

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European Window: Brent Trades At High-$73/bbl Handles

The May’25 Brent futures contract traded sideways this afternoon, increasing from $73.60/bbl at 1230 GMT up to $74.15/bbl at 1550 GMT, before declining to $73.65/bbl at 1735 GMT (time of writing). Crude oil prices have fluctuated as Russia and Ukraine have now accused one another of flouting the ceasefire on energy strikes reached on 25 Mar.

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COT Report: Bull for the Summer

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

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European Window: Brent Weakens To $72.85/bbl

The May’25 Brent futures contract reversed this morning’s gains, falling from $73.55 around 1345 GMT down to $72.50/bbl at 1620 GMT, inching up to $72.85/bbl by 1755 GMT (time of writing). Crude oil prices have seen a downward correction this afternoon amid news of a Russia-Ukraine truce at sea and potentially some small profit-taking on recent Brent strength.

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European Window: Brent Trades At High $72/bbl Handles

May’25 Brent futures initially dipped from $72.60/bbl at 1200 GMT down to $72.15/bbl shortly after 1300 GMT. Flat price then strengthened to this afternoon’s high of $73.15/bbl at 1610 GMT, moderating to $72.85/bbl by 1745 GMT (time of writing). In the news today, President Trump has threatened to hit countries that buy Venezuelan oil and gas with a 25% tariff, expected to come into effect on April 2. The move aims to cut a major source of revenue for Nicolas Maduro’s regime in Caracas while putting further pressure on China, a major purchaser of Venezuelan crude, as per Bloomberg. Furthermore, the Trump administration has extended Chevron’s deadline to halt its operations in Venezuela to May 27. In other news, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov has said that so far “there have been no other orders from the president” to strike energy infrastructure in Ukraine, according to Russian news agency TASS. This came as the Russian Defence Ministry stated today that Ukraine conducted two drone attacks on the Valulka gas distribution station on 22 Mar, not specifiying whether the station remains operational. Finally, the fire at the drone-hit Kavkazskaya depot in the Krasnodar region of Russia has now raged for a fifth day, the regional administration said. According to the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, last year suppliers delivered at least 130,000 tons of oil per month via Kavkazskaya, a key facility that delivers Russian crude to the Caspian pipeline. At the time of writing, the May/Jun’25 and May/Nov’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.60/bbl and $3.05/bbl.

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Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

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ETFs Report

Click below to explore our ETFs report, providing a detailed analysis of price movements, trading volume, and counterparty shifts in ETF underlyings, along with open interest trends in the options market. Featured funds include USO, SCO, UCO, KOLD, BOIL, and UNG. For each ETF, we offer a comprehensive breakdown of price trends, volume, open interest, and key market participants.

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European Window: Brent Supported Around $73.20/bbl

The May’25 Brent futures contract strengthened from this afternoon’s low of $72.60/bbl at 1340 GMT up to a touch under $73.20/bbl at 1745 GMT (time of writing). Fresh US sanctions on Iran continue to stoke bullish sentiment in crude oil prices. In the news today, the US Department of Interior has announced its plan this week to reopen 82% of the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska for leasing and energy project development. Last year, the Biden administration had banned drilling on around 28 million acres of Alaskan federal land, estimated to hold approximately 895mb of recoverable oil. In other news, Kazakhstan’s oil output has reached another record high this month on the back of oilfield expansion, according to Reuters. Oil and gas condensate production in Kazakhstan reached about 2.16mb/d during the period 1-16 Mar, compared with 2.12mb/d average output in February. Meanwhile, India’s dependence on crude oil imports is expected to hit a record high in the fiscal year ending 31 Mar, 2025. According to oil ministry data reported by The Indian Express, India imported 88.2% of the crude it consumed in the April 2024-February 2025 period, up from 87.7% in the same period from 2023 to 2024. Finally, Germany has seized an oil tanker belonging to the Russian shadow fleet in the Baltic Sea in January, the German magazine Spiegel reported. The tanker was travelling under the flag of Panama and was carrying about 100,000 tons of crude oil. At the time of writing, the May/Jun’25 and May/Nov’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.55/bbl and $2.86/bbl.

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COT Deep Dive – MOPJ Naphtha Crack

In this publication, we leverage Onyx’s proprietary Commitment of Traders data in order to identify changes in swap Open Interest and Positioning against Onyx with a view, in conjunction with long/short entry price levels and volatility analysis to identify potential continuation or reversal trends.

In this fourth report, we take a look at the Mean-of-Platts Japan (MOPJ) naphtha crack. 

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Trader Meeting Notes

Trader Meeting Notes: Reigniting Risk

The May’25 Brent futures contract increased from an intraday low of $69.70/bbl on 13 Mar up to a weekly high of $72.00/bbl on 18 Mar. The May’25 contract then sold-off on 19 Mar to $70.00/bbl, which acted as a support level as prices recovered to $71.80/bbl by the time of writing on 19 Mar. There has been a noticeable shift in sentiment this week compared to the previous fortnight where market players were largely risk-off. Onyx COT positioning showed that market players became less bearish this week, increasing from -44k lots on 12 Mar up to -32k lots on 20 Mar. In addition, technical indicators show that bullish momentum has started to pick up, with the MACD line crossing above the signal line for the first time in almost a month on 18 Mar. Bullish sentiment in crude oil prices this week has been driven by geopolitical tensions, with Russia-Ukraine peace talks remaining a key market focus. Following a phone call with Trump on March 18, Putin rejected a ceasefire, instead demanding an end to Western military support for Kyiv. Ongoing attacks on energy infrastructure from both sides highlight a continued reluctance to reach a truce. Meanwhile, in the Middle East, US strikes on Yemen’s Houthis have further strained relations with Iran, making the Red Sea route almost unnavigable for tankers. These attacks come amid the looming threat of full-fledged sanctions on Iran, with the US targeting one of China’s largest teapot refineries today for purchasing Iranian oil. It remains to be seen how long this recent strength in Brent will last and whether price has enough momentum to sustainably breach the $72/bbl level.

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European Window: Brent strengthens on new US sanctions on Iranian crude

The front-month Brent futures contract dropped to $70.55/bbl at 13:35 GMT this afternoon but found support here and climbed to $72.10/bbl at 15:40 GMT. At the time of writing, 17:20 GMT, the M1 futures contract stands just shy of $72/bbl. Brent’s recovery this afternoon was fuelled by the US issuing a fourth round of sanctions on Iranian oil sales since President Donald Trump took office

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European Window: Brent Supported Around $71/bbl

May’25 Brent futures has been supported this afternoon, rising from $70.55/bbl at 1200 GMT up to $71.20/bbl just before 1700 GMT, tapering to $71.00/bl at 1735 GMT (time of writing). EIA stats released this afternoon recorded a 1.75mb build in US crude oil inventories in the week to 14 Mar, higher than the expected build of 1.1mb. In the news today, the Kremlin stated that Russia has suspended its attacks on Ukrainian energy infrastructure, following yesterday’s phone call between Putin and Trump where Russia declined to endorse a full 30-day ceasefire. President Zelenskiy claims Putin’s words were insufficient and that Ukraine would provide a list of energy facilities it hopes the US and allies would help monitor, as per Reuters. In other news, Serbian oil company NIS, majority-owned by Gazprom Neft and Gazprom, has submitted a second request to the US for a waiver of sanctions. The sanctions could result in crude supply cuts for NIS, which operates a single oil refinery in Serbia with an annual capacity of 4.8 million tons. Finally, Vitol is set to buy stakes in upstream assets in West Africa from Eni for $1.65 billion, the Italian major said today. This would include a 30% stake in Eni’s Baleine project in Cote d’Ivoire, where current production exceeds 60kb/d of oil equivalent. At the time of writing, the May/Jun’25 and May/Nov’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.45/bbl and $2.33/bbl.

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